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  The newly increased quantity of insulin in the blood will drive much needed glucose (and amino acids) through the receptor sites in the muscle cell at an insane rate.   These elevated stages of blood glucose will begin causing further secretions of Growth Hormone, the key hormone responsible for producing Insulin Growth factor.   Why simple carbohydrates?  Increased absorption rates, and an abruptly induced insulin burst. The faster you can get glucose into your dog's bloodstream and muscles, the less protein destroyed and the more glycogen stored.   This is when you want to stay clear of complex carbs. Complex and fibrous carbs simply take way too long to digest and will not give optimal insulin release to offset muscle catabolism.   You also want to stay far away from any fat and fructose sources post-workout. Fructose will not replenish muscle glycogen but rather will replenish liver glycogen.  Fat severely delays digestion because it  metabolically requires so many more processes to break down.   Another vital key to post-workout nutrition is insulin sensitivity. Creating stronger insulin sensitivity is the primary way to get the most out of your dog's post-workout simple carbohydrate   Only certain types of simple carbohydrates will replenish muscle glycogen. These are carbohydrates in the form of glucose/dextrose.   The basis of our simple carbohydrates (post-workout) should come from sources that register high on the glycemic index.  Dextrose or Maltodextrin are the two sources of simple carbs to give your charge post-exercise.   Protein:   Protein intake in combination with simple carbohydrates, post-workout, are the key ingredients to achieving a state of anabolism and offsetting their bodies’ process converting muscle tissue for energy expenditure.   Fast absorption via digestion, is of paramount importance at this stage. So a liquid or powdered form of protein derived from hydrolyzed whey is the best logical supplement. Whey in powder or liquid form takes an average of 20 minutes to absorb, making this form of protein number one in the race for assimilation.   Eating a slower burning form of protein like chicken or beef post-workout is missing the mark completely. It is impossible to take advantage of the post-workout window with a protein food source that will take 2 hours to hit your charge's bloodstream.